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Rmsa Essay With the liberalization and globalization of the Indian economy, the rapid changes witnessed in scientific and technological world and the general need to improve the quality of life and to reduce poverty, it is essential that school leavers acquire a higher level of knowledge and skills than what they are provided in the 8 years of elementary education, particularly when the average earning of a secondary school certificate holder is significantly higher than that of a person who has studied only up to class VIII. It is also necessary that besides general education up to secondary level, opportunities for improvement of vocational knowledge and skill should be provided at the higher secondary level to enable some students to be employable. 1. 1. 4. Since universalisation of elementary education has become a Constitutional mandate, it is absolutely essential to push this vision forward to move towards Universalisation of secondary education, which has already been achieved in a large number of developed countries and several developing countries. Paras 5. 13 – 5. 15 of the National Policy on Education NPE), 1986 (as modified in 1992) deal with Secondary Education. Para 5. 13 of the NPE, inter- alia, stated that â€Å"Access to Secondary Education will be widened with emphasis on enrolment of girls, SCs and STs, particularly in science, commerce and vocational streams†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Vocationalization through specialized institutions or through the re-fashioning of secondary education wil l, at this stage, provide valuable manpower for economic growth†. Page 1 of 65 1. 1. 5. Hon’ble Prime Minister in his Independence Day Speech, 2007 has inter-alia stated that, â€Å"We are setting out a goal of universalizing secondary education. This is clearly the nest step after universalizing elementary education. While the goal is laudable much work needs to be done before we are in a position to launch the Scheme for Universalisation of Access for Secondary Education (SUCCESS). Its details need to be quickly spelt out and discussed with States so that we are fully ready to launch it from 2008-09. We must not underestimate the complexity of this task as the principles for universalizing elementary education cannot be easily transferred to secondary education. The physical, financial, pedagogical and human resource needs are quite different. We also need to recognize the role currently being played by the private sector and policy design must factor this in. Detailed strategies and plans would need to be worked out rapidly for each state. Special attention would need to be paid to Districts with SC/ST/OBC/Minority concentrati