Wednesday, July 31, 2019

“February” by Margaret Atwood Essay

Poet describes the activities of February and further narrates the tussle between his cat and a tomcat. Paraphrase: Winter is a time to eat pork and watch hockey. The black cat with yellow eyes leaps over on my bed each morning and reaches to my head. In this way, he notifies me whether I am alive or dead. While taking his breath that smells like burped-up meat and decaying stuffy sofas and buzzing like washboard, he inhabits on my chest. In the meanwhile, another tomcat who is not so sturdy is seen squirting at the entrance and declaring war. It is all a matter of gender or land that will ultimately ruin us sooner or later. Masters of these tomcats should cut the male sex organs of these cats. If we human beings are too wise, we should do the same or like sharks, should eat our children but its affection that kills human. Tomcat repeatedly shouts and famine shrinks lying on the bed and attacking quilt. Temperature decreases to minus 30 and smoke vents out of chimney to provide warmth. February is a month of dejection (with a skewered heart in the centre. ) I deem of terrible thoughts, desire for potato chips with speckled vinegar. Cat, these thoughts are enough for your purring and for your tiny bumhole. Get out of my face. You are essentially life phenomenon, so you live on a little hope. Throw away death. Commemorate boost. Craft spring out of it (February)

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Investment of starhub

This report intends to highlight the current issues Startup faces and its impact on their earnings and share valuations. Tells industry in Singapore only has three players – Startup, Singlet and MI, thus, we would also look at Singlet and MI to aid in our analysis. In our report, we first use the SOOT analysis and Michael Porter's five forces to address Startup current issues as the issues identified would affect Startup future earnings. The majority of the threats that Startup faced is brought up by Singlet.Example, Singlet won the PL rights which results in a drop of subscribers for Cable TV for Startup. However, there are still opportunities to grow, from an example of reaping the benefits from the existing market. By using Michael Porter's five forces, we analyzed that the level of competitive rivalry for the industry is strong. The historical calculations reflect the current issues that Startup faced hence deriving with various estimated valuation of Startup's stock. The DuPont ROE approach gauges Startup's recent financial performance, in comparison with the other two operators.By putting all figures together, we saw that Startup ROE has always been the highest throughout the past few years in 2008 to 2012. Thus, we forecasted that Startup ROE will remain higher than its competitors. With application of various valuation models, we can examine the intrinsic value of Startup's share price and make assumptions and estimation. Thereafter, this value was compared with the current market price to determine if the share is worth investing in. After much computation, the intrinsic share price of Startup is higher than the market share price, thus, it was undervalued.Therefore, our group has decided to go forth with a SELL decision at the time of ululation. Contents 1 . About Startup Ltd 1. 1 . Company Background Startup Ltd, which started in year 2000, is the second operator in the Singapore telecommunications market. It is an info-communications company, providing a wide range of information, communications and entertainment services. Startup is a component stock of the Straits Times Index and the MASC.' Singapore Free Index. Startup drives a HASP+ mobile network to support its nationwide GSM network, and an LET network with connection speeds of up to Mbps.They also implement an island-wide HOFF network that carries multi-channel Cable TV services (including Internet TV, HDTV, and on-demand services) and high speed residential broadband services. They operate a widespread fixed network business too that provides voice, date and wholesale services. In addition, Startup tapped on Next Generation Nationwide Broadband Network to host advanced media-rich value-added services (Startup AAA). 2. SOOT Analysts on startup Ltd The comprehensive SOOT profile of Startup will provide the reader a detailed analysis of the organization's business structure and operations. 2. 1 . Strengths 2. . 1. First Mover Advantage Startup has a competitive adv antage over Singlet and MI with their cable television u to their first mover advantage into the Cable Television market. Being the first in the market allowed them to lock-in popular programs on exclusive contracts such as English Premier League (PL). Furthermore, Startup is the only cable TV that broadcast tennis channels, where subscribers are able to catch the entire top tennis events all year round. As long as having a Hub ID, subscribers can watch it on TV, or on laptops, tablets, and smartness via TV anywhere at Startup's website (Startup Bibb). . 1. 2. Products and Services Mobile Market Although Startup's market share standing is second in the mobile industry with 27. % in June 2012, their product offerings are very strong and competitive. Asinine News (2013) reported that Startup launched its High Definition (HAD) Voice technology in 4th March 2013. They are setting themselves apart because of its value added service in the 36 mobile network whereby the sound quality for l ocal voice calls will be significantly improved. This will encourage new customers to switch over and customer loyalty among the existing customers.This could lead to a revenue uplift of between 5-10%. Cable TV Market Startup monopolized in the Cable TV market between 2002 to 2007, until Singlet launched Minot in mid-2007. In order to stay competitive, Startup acquired many new channels. For instant, they acquired a new 24-hour Japanese entertainment channel in 2013 as there has been a lack of Japanese programmer on TV apart from Japan Hour (Straits Times Bibb). In order to tide itself from the loss of PL to Singlet, Startup's TV revenue still remain robust with other strong channels like BEEF Euro 2012.Statistics showed that ARPA increasing from $52 to $54 (Straits Times 2012). Startup is also the first to launch Lions as they see that there was much hype about local football after the Singapore national team won the last Suzuki Cup (Straits Times 20th). This shows that Startup is trying to increase the variety of channels offered and deciding what is to be shown on TV instead of allowing consumers to choose. 2. 2. Weaknesses 2. 2. 1 . Late-Mover Despite moving first into the cable television industry, Startup established itself much later than Singlet.Startup was incorporated on 1998 while Singlet on 1992. Therefore, Singlet already seized the biggest share of the pie and established a respectable name that is highly recognized by consumers. Where else Startup which is new to the consumers will require a longer time to infiltrate into the Tells market ND build up consumers' trust. In addition, Startup is a late-mover in LET rollover of G wireless data communications. Startup is expected to complete this project by the end of 2013. But by then, both competitors, MI & Singlet will already have nationwide LET coverage (Tells – Integrated Singapore, 2013).Singlet's fast and aggressive actions attribute to them being the Tells monopolist. 2. 2. 2. Global P resence Startup also have a smaller global presence as compared to Singlet who is the leading communications company in Asia. In the Superabundant Survey, Singlet ranks at no. 5 while Startup didn't even make it to the list. Being a global company also means that their bargaining power is higher and their geographic presence is stronger (Superabundant, 2012). Although Singlet's main market is concentrated in Singapore and Australia, they also have alliances situated in Indonesia, Belgium, India, Taiwan, Thailand, Philippines, and Honking.This means that Singlet will be less dependent on Singapore market due to their diversification as compared to Startup. 2. 3. Opportunities 2. 3. 1. Fiber Broadband Figure 2: Data taken from Business Monitor International 2012. Figure 3: Data taken from Business Monitor International 2012. The appeal of high- speed broadband services will lead to the decline of fixed line business and increase the use of value-added services such as Poop and PIPIT u sing the fiber line. The Next Generation Broadband Network based on FIFTH will deliver 1 Gaps speeds in 201 5 (Business Monitor International 2012).The growth momentum is expected to pick up in the next two years as operators persuade consumers to upgrade their existing broadband to the fiber technology. Towards the end of 2012, Startup's figures were made up of 439,000 residential broadband subscribers from 431,000 in June 2011. On he other hand, cable modem subscriptions declined from 696,000 in June 2011 to 655,000 in June 2012. This shows that there is a huge opportunity for Startup to reap from the Fiber Broadband Market. 2. 3. 2.Reap the Benefits from their Existing Market Figure 4: Data obtained from Singapore Telecommunications Report SQ 2012. Figure 5: Data obtained from GIGS 2012 Survey. As the Tells industry in Singapore is reaching saturation, the only way for Singlet, Startup and MI to grow is to increase the RAPID for each existing customer or to attract new customers from their competitors. Take for instance; there is an increase f only 0. 7% q-o-q and 4. 1% of y-o-y in Figure 4. The decelerating growth shows that the mobile sector is coming to saturation.Startup has to focus more on generating higher revenue from their existing subscriber base by migrating pre-paid subscribers to post-paid subscribers while sustaining the pre-paid subscriber growth by targeting foreign workers, low-income consumers and long-staying tourists with more attractive promotions. Also, Startup can gain more market share from their competitors as many Singapore are reported being unhappy with Singlet's customer service, reception and Minot slow start-up. MI's customers are also most dissatisfied as it was reported that their number of complaints increases every year from 6. % in 2010, to 9. 1% in 2011 and 16. 3% 2012 the GIGS 2012 survey. 2. 4. Threats 2. 4. 1 . Exclusive Rights to Sports Channel Figure 6: Pay TV dropped by 2% due to the loss of PL Rights. Taken from S tartup Annual Report 2012. Startup has a prevailing position in the Cable TV market due to a lack of competition for a couple of years. Thereafter, Startup's position was challenged by Singlet when they won the rights for PL from 2010-2013. Subsequently, Singlet won 89,000 subscribers in 2011 while Startup only added ,000 subscribers.Towards the end of June 2012, Singlet had 380,000 Minot subscribers while Startup had 543,000 subscribers (Business Monitor International 2012). The statistics will worsen the situation for Startup when it was announced that Singlet outbid Startup for the coveted rights of three more seasons of the English Premier League- 2013-2016. Singlet also aggressively acquired the rights for BEEF Europe League, BEEF Champions League, Series A, FAA Cup, and other prominent football tournaments. This will lead to Startup's customer base switching over to Singlet for sports channel. . 4. 2. Singlet Narrow It's Gap with Startup's Channel Besides losing the bid of PL to Singlet, Singlet's aggressive acquisition of content and customers will continue to erode Startup's market share in Cable TV. Singlet's Minot offerings have broadened significantly after it added 40 channels from Fox International Channels to its line-up on 1 Novo 12. With a new line-up of more than 130 channels, Singlet has substantially narrowed its gap with Startup (1 57 channels), diminishing Startup differentiation and dominance (Singapore Business Review 2013).Secondly, MIM TV service offers potentially slightly cheaper offer (10%) s compared to Startup because of the direct like-for-like cost analysis for both Tells company as a result of product bundling differential on content. If Singlet beef up channel varieties, aggressive sales tactics, and addresses the network quality problems on PIPIT, the gap between Singlet and Startup will narrow drastically. 2. 4. 3. Mobile Data Services Business Monitor International (2012) predicted that the mobile data usage is likely to in crease up to 25% or more of ARPA.This could be due to increasing investors for next generation technologies such as LET and HASP+, which would drive more emend for mobile data service. In response to the dramatic growth of the demand, operators would accelerate their investment in these technologies. Strategy Analytics (2011) forecasted that operators who invest early will see improvements in gross margins after 2014. As MI is the first Tells in South East Asia to launch a nationwide G LET network, it gained a competitive edge over the rest. For now, Singlet has 80% coverage in Singapore, and in early 2013, it will have 95% coverage (Singlet, 2013).Both MI and Singlet launched LET plans earlier than Startup which results in Startup lagging behind. Startup should accelerate their investment in the new generation LET and HASP+ infrastructure in order to prevent their subscribers from switching to other operators. 2. 4. 4. Sunset Industry Figure 7: Data obtained from Telecoms and Techn ology Industry Report in Singapore 2012. Figure 8: Data Obtained from Singapore Telecommunications Report SQ 2012. The fixed line business didn't experience much growth in the first two quarters of 2012 which is attributed to the operators' bundling strategy and consumers' preference of mobile and Poop.It is forecasted that in 2016, the AMONG could replace the fixed line arrive with Poop over fiber. As we can see from the market data above, the figure of telephone main lines has been forecasted to decline from 1. 407 in 2013 to 1,194 in 2016 while the mobile subscription is forecasted to rise from 8,648,000 in 2013 to 9,812,000 in 2016. Hence, Startup needs to offset this fading income (Business Monitor International 2012). In addition, there are lesser television viewers nowadays as they can download shows from the internet and they find that the free television programmer (Channel 5, Channel 8 etc) is sufficient.In the black market, there is also n illegal box whereby consumers ca n get all the channels for free. As Startup requires the installation of cable, so many people don't want to go through the hassle to pay for installation and ruin their existing outlook of their house. 2. 4. 5. Reallocation of Spectrum In 2012, there will be a proposed framework for the reallocation of spectrum for G telecommunication systems and service. With increasing spectrum available, it allows faster data transfer rates and provision of more innovative services (IDA, AAA). IDA will conduct a main auction that involves two bidding stages in 2013.The bid that Leeds the highest total value will earn the final assignment. Based on the bidding for PL, Singlet has been very aggressive because they have the spending power and ability to challenge Startup and MI head on. This would be a potential threat for Startup as if they are unable to win the bid; Singlet would have a larger quantity of spectrums thus withholding a better connection than the rest As a result, the subscribers fr om the other two operators might switch to Singlet as their prices are undifferentiated hence the only unique selling point is the quality of products (IDA, Bibb). . Porter's Five Forces Analysis . 1 . Competitive Rivalry The number of competitors will increase when new technologies are launched in this technologically complex market. They will compete for data intensive and high speed internet connection, hence heightening rivalry in the market (Industry Profile 2010). All three operators have three different markets to compete in such as Mobile, Broadband and Cable TV hence they can diversify their revenue sources. However, these services offered by the operators are fairly similar and this worsens the rivalry.Besides the three existing operators, Singapore also saw new players such as Supernatant and LAG Telecoms and Imperceptibly. Overall, rivalry in this market can be evaluated as strong. 3. 2. Threat of New Entry Figure 9: Data obtained from Business Monitor International â₠¬â€œ ‘Singapore Telecommunications Report SQ 2012'. Potential entrants will be enticed by the dynamic market growth of Mobile, Broadband and Cable TV market. However, they will find it tough to compete with these established companies- Singlet, Startup and MI due to price competitions.New operators without their own structure can buy entrance to the Tells market thus save the capital required to enter the market (Industry Profile 2010). Unfortunately, Singapore popular response for higher bandwidth might infer that the player needs to spend more to invest in the infrastructure for future growth. The saturated market indicates that the new entrants have to attract the customers away from their existing subscriber instead of targeting a new customer segment (Industry Profile 2012).If Startup wants to grow their market share, they need to create more value-added services such as High- definition video chat, Mobile TV. New entrants need to differentiate themselves from the existin g players with more attractive promotion plans, higher bandwidth or faster upload-download time. Take for instance, Imperceptibly enticed subscribers by promising not to bind the first 100,000 subscribers with contracts. By 2013, Imperceptibly boosted 17% market share of the fiber broadband consumer market within one year (Yahoo News 2013). Overall, threat of new entry in this market can be evaluated as strong. . 3. Buyer Power The key buyers are end-users. In this market, buyers have fairly low switching costs and are determined by the time needed to break the existing contract and switch to a competitor's contract or with a cancellation penalty. Buyer power is strengthened, especially since full mobile number portability (NP) was launched in June 2008 (Industry Profile 2010). Brand reputation may play a part in switching operators, but ultimately the price is a bigger consideration for buyers along with factors such as the quality of connection, speed of access and existing bundli ng benefits.Buyer power is weakened again due to the variety of potential customers available- individual customers, business corporations, foreign workers. With only three operators in the Tells industry, this translates into weak bargaining power of the errs as they do not have more choices to choose from. Moreover, in the broadband market, internet access is highly important for normal consumers and especially vital for business consumers. Overall, buyer power is measured as moderate in the Tells market. 3. 4. Supplier Power The key suppliers are manufacturers of software, hardware and network owners with substantial negotiating power.This market is characterized by strong supplier power because of the high cost of switching as exiting a contract prematurely can be challenging (Industry Profile 2012). If the operator own and operate their own hysterical network then their suppliers would be manufacturers of software and hardware such as Cisco Systems. If the operator does not pos sess the network and acquire wholesale access to the infrastructure thereafter offering it to the end- parties, then the key suppliers would be the network owners. Take for instance, Startup purchased Fiber broadband from Opponent or Startup's PL channel rights from PL itself.Network manufacturers are not completely dependent on the Tells Operators' market for their revenues as it's by contractual rights (Industry Profile 2010). Generally, supplier power is evaluated as strong. 3. . Threat of Substitute Substitutes to this market are virtually non-existent because there isn't any strong threat to Internet as a whole. The internet itself is a substitute for various services and products- egg, brick-and-mortar store to online stores. Overall, the strong market growth prevents any potential rivalry hence the low threat of substitution.

Existence of Extraterrestrial Beings

With all our knowledge of everything around us, overwhelming as it may be, there are still a lot of aspects that are unknown to even the smartest scientists. Did you know that humans know only 5% of the entire universe? Yes, everything we know about the Earth, the Milky Way, and all the planets is barely even a fourth of what comprises the entirety of the universe. Knowing that, it would be illogical to say that the creatures on Earth are the only forms of life in the universe. Today I will tell you about unidentified object sightings, close encounters and even abductions. The first recorded UFO sighting was in Mexico, by an astronomer named Jose Bonilla in 1883 while he was observing sunspot activity. He was said to have seen more than 300 unusual flying objects crossing before the sun. The next one was three years after in Venezuela during a thunderstorm. People reported seeing a bright flying object accompanied by a humming noise hovering over a small hut. The people in that hut got illnesses from radiation exposure and nine days later, the trees surrounding the hut withered and died due to the same reason. Another alarming incident was in the United States of America where a UFO allegedly crashed in Texas and its alien pilot buried at the local cemetery incidentally, I read of the same encounter from a different source and it added this: That night, local officials called a reverend whose name I regret to forget, to go to the crash sight immediately to pray for the victims. When he got there, he was shocked to see non-human creatures. Not more than a few minutes later, military men came in a helicopter and told the reverend to leave and not say a word to anyone; it was an order. These incidents were way back in the 1800’s when our technology was not as enhanced and people were more naive. More recent sightings have been reported in very different areas of the world – Sweden, US, Brazil, Alaska, Argentina, Iran, Spain, China and even the Philippines! Any discussion on this conspiracy, however, will not be complete without talking what went and goes on in Roswell, New Mexico, or better known as Area 51. Area 51 is known to be a US Military Base where 75 miles away, there reported to be a UFO crash landing on July 2, 1947 that left an exceptional amount of debris all over the area. The Roswell Army Air Field reported that they recovered a â€Å"flying disc† but a few hours after this information was released, the government immediately said it was a â€Å"weather balloon. RAAF even reported having recovered alien bodies but as expected, the government denied again and simply stated that it was the military men’s trauma from accidents. Countless witnesses during and after the reported crash date have confirmed seeing flying objects, crop circles and usual activity within the area. Area 51 is now conspired to be a place where they examine evidences of alien bodies, UFO crashes, etc, but the government refuses to confirm and have denied these allegations. More than sightings, as promised, let me take you in on one of the craziest abduction stories. There have been over 60,000 reported abductions worldwide. In most cases, the victims are returned but don’t remember a thing. And in some, the victims are lost forever. The story I’m about to tell you is one of the most bizarre ones ever recorded. So bizarre that it took more than ten years to be able to have a complete review of the situation resulting to the victim and her family’s sanity and the obvious answer that it really did happen. On January 25, 1967, at around 6:30pm Betty Andreasson Luca was in her home with her family. They reported there to be a red light all over the house. When her husband went out to check where it came from, he saw 5 unusual creatures hoping towards the kitchen door where Betty was. She had a family of seven children all of which, including her husband and parents were put in some kind of trance during the whole thing, although they were conscious of everything. Betty was taken to the 20feet in diameter ship, which hovered over their front yard and it flew away to an even bigger mother ship just a few feet above. Betty was gone for four hours. When she has returned, she was perfectly normal and noticed that one of the aliens got left behind with her family, though they were fine as well. Impossible as it may seem, all of this actually happened and was proven correct when each member was questioned, undergone different psychiatric tests, polygraph examinations, and for Betty, fourteen sessions of regressive hypnosis. The result was a 528-page review which scientists still study until today. Betty’s case remains to be the most extraordinary proven case ever recorded. Usually, people who were abducted tend to feel the same things afterwards: lost or missing time for a couple of hours, frequent nose bleeds, unusual marks on the body, nightmares of the abduction, and symptoms of radiation exposure. Beforehand though, collected recorded abductions have the following similarities: it begins with a visual perception of a bright light, the victim feels paralyzed and cant say or do anything; communication is telepathic too! During the abduction, victims can barely describe any of the tools used due to their unfamiliarity to the objects and loss of memory, they know of undergoing a physical examination, and then nothing after that. However, most reported abductions are studied and examined and doctors seem to find a common ball-shaped or triangular shaped objects at the top of the nose, feet, hand, forehead or eyelid. These tiny items cannot be studied further because it is composed of chemicals not found on earth. With all this at hand, it would be very difficult to believe that we are the only form of life. I could go on and on about more stories and other things I know and have gathered from watching countless documentaries and reading articles on the subject but time and the fact that you all probably think I’m crazy constrains me. This is what I can tell you now though: these creatures could very well be amongst us without our knowledge. They are clearly more advanced than we are for they have found ways of coming to our planet and finding us when they most likely live light-years away.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Mandatory Sentencing Guidelines and Special Interest Groups as Policy Essay

Mandatory Sentencing Guidelines and Special Interest Groups as Policy Makers - Essay Example The intent of three-strikes (and even two-strikes) laws is to incapacitate selected violent offenders for very long terms-25 years or even life. They have no specific deterrent effect if those confined will never be released, but their general deterrent effect could, in theory, be substantial." In this regard, mandatory sentencing guidelines appear to be good policy when it comes to deterring potential criminals from committing crimes, but that is not necessarily the case if a criminal has already be incapacitated. It is more of a case of setting an example for others. There are pros and cons to mandatory sentencing, but they seem to vary upon different factors such as location in the country. First of all, let us take a look at the possession of handguns. The case study mentions, for example, possession of unlicensed handguns in Massachusetts and how the law has been effective there. The same law, however, has not been effective in Michigan and Florida. However, it has bee effective against homicide in Detroit, Jacksonville, Tampa, Miami, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, though it has not been effective against other types of violent crimes, such as sexual offenses (Case Study 3.2 2008). 2.

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Online Shopping Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Online Shopping - Term Paper Example With the increased exchange of products via the internet, the economy has been able to gain tremendously. Secondly, online shopping requires the services of middle-businessmen who will transport the products to the buyers. The middlemen serve an important purpose of ensuring the products and services are availed at the most appropriate time. This creates job opportunities to the many people that are unemployed (Miller 121). With such a development, the new economy develops since there are some people that have a disposable amount of income which is spent in the economy. Therefore, it is evident that online shopping has developed the proceeds of the economy by creating job opportunities and enhancing the economy through constant exchange of products from the sellers to the buyers. Similarly, it has enabled constant flow of money in the economy since the quality of products is improved. The buyers and sellers are the first hand benefiters from online shopping. Online shopping connects buyers to sellers in a more elaborate and easy manner. First, buyers get to know the location of sellers and how they can be contacted. This eases the process of acquiring products and services. As such, the buyers will have an easy time in locating the sellers. Secondly, the buyers will not waste time looking for an appropriate supplier of the products that need (Rich 167). This is convenient to people that have a busy schedule. As such, they will spend limited time in contacting an appropriate seller of the products they need. Thirdly, buyers do not have to physically access the sellers’ shop for the products. They can make communications via the internet and provide all the information that is needed. This eases the... Online shopping has had an effect on traditional shopping in a number of aspects. First, online shopping has reduced the number of people that rely on traditional shopping. For instance, this has reduced the number of people that physically access shopping centers and the market to buy products and services. Secondly, online shopping has increased the number of people that use electronic cash transfers in buying products. This has affected traditional shopping since very few people carry hard cash. This has had negative effects on traditional shopping since impulse buying has been reduced. As such, people that do not use online selling tactics are disadvantaged. Thirdly, online shopping has changed the world in that people expect to be supplied with the products they have bought. Many people expect the products to be delivered at their homesteads and door steps after making a purchase. This affects traditional shopping negatively since it does not have such services.Though online sho pping has its favored advantages, it has a number of drawbacks. First, there are some products that are not sold online. This makes it hard for a seller to attract some customers online.

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Mutiple intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mutiple intelligence - Essay Example According to Howard Gardner there are seven types of intelligences: musical intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, linguistic intelligence, spatial intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, and intrapersonal intelligence. The naturalist type of intelligence was added after Gardner developed the seven types of intelligence (Levitin, 507-520) (Daniel L. Levitin is a prominent American cognitive psychologist, neuroscientist, record producer, musician, and writer). The theory of multiple intelligences has brought a pragmatic approach that would allow cultivation of student’s strengths towards learning and how we define intelligence. Numerous educators, parents, researchers, and students deemed the idea of multiple intelligences as important however, multiple intelligences theory has also risen criticisms among scholars in the field of psychology. My goal in this paper is to investigate the issues surrounding multiple intelligences by examining the point of view of Howard Gardner and those critics of the multiple intelligences theory. To achieve this goal, this paper will discuss four main sections, two of which have sub-sections. The first section will discuss the history of multiple intelligences, together with the evolution of the definition of intelligence. The second section will discuss each type of multiple intelligences, and issues surrounding the multiple intelligence theory will be discussed in the third section. Lastly, the fourth section will discuss the impact of multiple intelligence theory on the education of America. The history of multiple intelligences started through the attempts to reform the common notion of the term â€Å"intelligence†. More often, people measured intelligence through the ability to solve problems, to find the answers to specific questions, and to learn new material quickly and

Friday, July 26, 2019

Early Childhood Educator and NAEYC Code of ethics Essay

Early Childhood Educator and NAEYC Code of ethics - Essay Example Although everything written in the Code of Ethics is significant to the well-being of children, some stood out for me among the rest. Some are on the issues of children’s assessment. I 1.6 states: â€Å"To use assessment instruments and strategies that are appropriate for the children to be assessed, that are used only for the purposes for which they were designed, and that have the potential to benefit children†. I 1.7 states: â€Å"To use assessment information to understand and support children’s development and learning, to support instruction and to identify children who may need additional services† (Decker, Decker, Freeman, and Knorpf, 2009, p. 356). For several years in the past, assessment techniques were limited to written quizzes, exams, oral recitation, individual and group projects, etc. Assessment methods either fall under the more traditional approaches that expect students to regurgitate information previously fed to them or authentic asses sment that traverse a wider range of academic disciplines and skills as well as assessment approaches that attempt to evaluate the â€Å"whole child† in a wide span of application of his knowledge and abilities (Darling-Hammond et al, 1993). Although the basic assumption behind traditional and authentic assessment is common, which is to develop prolific citizens, the former approach tests the students on the possession of certain knowledge while the latter tests the students on the application of knowledge. Consistent with constructivist philosophy, authentic assessment entrusts the reins of learning to the students. They â€Å"are required to provide rigorous intellectual commitment and perseverance, and teachers must continually connect student’s previous and current knowledge to the emerging curriculum† (Wescombe-Down, n.d., n.p). Hence, assessment methods should include learner-centred activities

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Group Project for Project Management Class Term Paper

Group Project for Project Management Class - Term Paper Example In the case of Lawson time tracking system, the project has been broken down into various manageable phases. The first phase is project initiation and planning. Here the main activity that should take place is the project stakeholders meeting to form working groups and split the various tasks to the teams formed. This whole phase has been approximated to take fifteen days after which the project is kicked off. The second phase is a bit short and meant to prepare the whole process of system installation. The stakeholders are supposed to identify the resources required, prepare the required hardware and create a deployment plan. The deployment plan is a document that will be given to the stakeholders informing them what they have been assigned to do and the period they are given to do the same. This should be a detailed document to avoid any sort of delays in the completion of this project. This phase is supposed to take a maximum of twenty one days. The second stage in this second pha se is system installation and testing. This stage is supposed to take a maximum of 374 days. It is the most critical stage in the process of system development since it also involves the system changeover. The first step is to install the software on the server after which the web applications are then installed. Care must be taken to ensure that all the security features and auto-update features will be installed together with the system. Security essentials are a necessity to ensure that the integrity of data and information is protected from unauthorized access. The auto update features are to help in updating the system platforms at all times to ensure they conform to the exact requirements. After the above is ensured complete and successful, the company data is installed into the system. The data installed include all the system users’ information and their log in verification information. Then a review is conducted on the checklist to ensure that all the steps are accom plished. This step is supposed to take 21 days. The second step in this stage is the testing of the installation stage. A test is conducted on the servers deployed and the general success in web application installation. After they are confirmed to function at the expected standards, the functionality of the user database is conducted. Here, the team is expected to check the security system to ascertain that user login safe and secured. All user passwords must be confirmed fed to the system to avoid denying any user access to his database account. All the errors confirmed present in the system are then fixed by the relevant personnel. This is a process expected to last 22 days maximally. A review on the inspection of the system is then conducted to signoff the whole process of installation. Work breakdown structure with estimated costs An estimated $100000 was to be used in the project. This was to cover for all the cost of all the phases that are in this project. When estimating th is cost, several factors were put into consideration. The amount of both skilled and unskilled manpower that was needed for the completion of the project was put in place. The estimated amount is not distributed equally in phases because some of the phases require more resourcing than others. Phases two is to take almost 50% of this amount because it requires a lot of things to be put in place. First the installation has to be put in plac

Critical thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Critical thinking - Essay Example Its workforce of over 17, 000 men and women voted Iceland Frozen Foods the third most successful company compared with all other companies in motivating them to do their best. Four years before the turnaround, morale was ‘at rock bottom after 40% of staff at the Deeside head office were made redundant’ (The Sunday Times, 2009). It is quite reasonable to assume in retrospect that top management at the time was incapable of motivating the workforce to achieve profitability and ensure the survival of the firm. It is quite likely that ‘scientific management’ or Taylorism as it is also called, may have been, the paradigm under which the top managers of Iceland Frozen Foods worked, in running the day to day affairs of the company. Or, they may not even have given much thought to motivating the workforce, but merely continued on traditional lines, hiring and firing believing that labour was a disposable item. Taylorism is explained as the ‘decoupling of the labour process from the skills of the workforce’, and has been defined as ‘management strategies that are based upon the separation of conception from execution’ Pruijt, 2000). The knowledge and skills of how best to run the enterprise are confined to the heads of the few top mangers. The rest of the workforce merely follows orders to the letter. They have no discretion as to how they do their day to day jobs. They have to follow strictly laid out procedures. This may work well in some industries, say on a car assembly line, but in enterprises with close customer contact, this approach is unlikely to be optimal. Nevertheless, Prujit also acknowledges that McDonalds and call centres (customer service operations) use such strategies and can claim success by ensuring ‘predictability and controllability’ (op. cit.). After Taylorism , Herzberg’s two-factor motivational theory became influential in alerting management to the value of tapping into the need for

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

WHITE COLLAR CRIME Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WHITE COLLAR CRIME - Essay Example within a corporate setting. Next, the crime is free of violence and aggression usually committed for personal benefits such as one’s economic and financial welfare and prosperity. In other words, a white collar crime could be a ‘combination’ of above mentioned factors in various instances. (Hasnas, p. 585, 2005) It should be highlighted that this crime differs from ‘state criminal law’ in a way that it does not involve physical violence or aggression that may directly damage someone else. Also, it does not about â€Å"murders, rape cases, prostitution, abduction, illicit drugs and narcotics† etc. neither it is about violation of another person’s core rights and interests or any other immoral activities. (Hasnas, p. 586, 2005) Some of the commonly observed examples of White Collar Crimes include cyber crimes (hacking, computer viruses and malwares, credit card fraud, misuse of financial information and bio data), fake bankruptcies, tax evasion through fake financial statements followed by monetary frauds with stakeholders, fake or misleading insurance covers, â€Å"antitrust law violations, healthcare issues, phone and telemarketing scams†, business and â€Å"environmental law violations, federal mail fraud, public corruption and embezzlements†, forwarding business secrets of an entity, common stock and security frauds with stockholders, â€Å"insider trading, bribery, counterfeiting, money laundering and economic spying†. (Conklin, 2007) and (Internet: Hg.com) The white collar criminal law primarily considers ‘federal mail fraud statute’ that emphasizes the fact that a person is involved in dishonest and immoral behavior when one intentionally or deliberately involved in violating code of conduct and organizational rules and regulations. In more simple words, it takes into account the fact that a person is dishonest or deceptive if does not provide services he or she has promised for in

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

FBI Agency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FBI Agency - Essay Example Another purpose for the formation of the FBI was to supplement other law enforcement agencies by conducting surveys on crime scenes and prosecuting any individuals held responsible. The FBI legal authority comes from the United States Code Title 28, Section 533. The FBI also borrows from different corporate bodies the mandate to investigate crime and prosecute. The RICO Act allows the FBI to conduct investigations on organized crime while the civil rights act allow the FBI to conduct investigations on violation of civil rights (Ricciuti, 2011). Another source of authority is the US PATRIOTIC Act that allows the FBI to monitor online activities to counter cyber and other related crimes. The US Code section 1951 criminalizes obstruction of interstate business and prioritizes the FBI to enforce any breach. The US Code section 668 criminalizes theft of heritage artifacts and museum art thus making it a federal crime to be handled by the FBI. The Federal Bureau of investigation was officially commissioned in 1935. The bureau was formed to respond to the growing anarchy in the country following the assassination of President McKinley in 1901. President Roosevelt ordered the formation of the Bureau of investigation to gather intelligence and report directly to the attorney general. The Bureau initially operated as the Bureau of investigation till 1935 when it was renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The primary role of the FBI is to carry out intelligence investigations. The FBI is mandated to carry out intelligence investigations on all federal criminal acts in America. The FBI conducts research on crime activities and forwards it to the necessary authorities as well as take crime prevention initiatives. The duties of the FBI have recently widened to include investigations of drug-related crime in collaboration with the DEA, counter-terrorism measures and research into white

Monday, July 22, 2019

Minority Group and Multiculturalism Essay Example for Free

Minority Group and Multiculturalism Essay Ideas about the legal and political accommodation of ethnic diversity — commonly termed â€Å"multiculturalism† — emerged in the West as a vehicle for replacing older forms of ethnic and racial hierarchy with new relations of democratic citizenship. Despite substantial evidence that these policies are making progress toward that goal, a chorus of political leaders has declared them a failure and heralded the death of multiculturalism. This popular master narrative is problematic because it mischaracterizes the nature of the experiments in multiculturalism that have been undertaken, exaggerates the extent to which they have been abandoned, and misidentifies not only the genuine difficulties and limitations they have encountered but the options for addressing these problems. Talk about the retreat from multiculturalism has obscured the fact that a form of multicultural integration remains a live option for Western democracies. This report challenges four powerful myths about multiculturalism. First, it disputes the caricature of multiculturalism as the uncritical celebration of diversity at the expense of addressing grave societal problems such as unemployment and social isolation. Instead it offers an account of multiculturalism as the pursuit of new relations of democratic citizenship, inspired and constrained by human-rights ideals. Second, it contests the idea that multiculturalism has been in wholesale retreat, and offers instead evidence that multiculturalism policies (MCPs) have persisted, and have even grown stronger, over the past ten years. Third, it challenges the idea that multiculturalism has failed, and offers instead evidence that MCPs have had positive effects. Fourth, it disputes the idea that the spread of civic integration policies has displaced multiculturalism or rendered it obsolete. The report instead offers evidence that MCPs are fully consistent with certain forms of civic integration policies, and that indeed the combination of multiculturalism with an â€Å"enabling† form of civic integration is both normatively desirable and empirically effective in at least some cases. To help address these issues, this paper draws upon the Multiculturalism Policy Index. This index 1) identifies eight concrete policy areas where liberal-democratic states — faced with a choice — decided to develop more multicultural forms of citizenship in relation to immigrant groups and 2) measures the extent to which countries have espoused some or all of these policies over time. While there have been some high-profile cases of retreat from MCPs, such as the Netherlands, the general pattern from 1980 to 2010 has been one of modest strengthening. Ironically, some countries that have been vociferous about multiculturalism’s â€Å"failure† (e. g. , Germany) have not actually practiced an active multicultural strategy. Talk about the retreat from multiculturalism has obscured the fact that a form of multicultural integration remains a live option for Western democracies. However, not all attempts to adopt new models of multicultural citizenship have taken root or succeeded in achieving their intended effects. There are several factors that can either facilitate or impede the successful implementation of multiculturalism: Multiculturalism: Success, Failure, and the Future 1 MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE Desecuritization of ethnic relations. Multiculturalism works best if relations between the state and minorities are seen as an issue of social policy, not as an issue of state security. If the state perceives immigrants to be a security threat (such as Arabs and Muslims after 9/11), support for multiculturalism will drop and the space for minorities to even voice multicultural claims will diminish. Human rights. Support for multiculturalism rests on the assumption that there is a shared commitment to human rights across ethnic and religious lines. If states perceive certain groups as unable or unwilling to respect human-rights norms, they are unlikely to accord them multicultural rights or resources. Much of the backlash against multiculturalism is fundamentally driven by anxieties about Muslims, in particular, and their perceived unwillingness to embrace liberal-democratic norms. Border control. Multiculturalism is more controversial when citizens fear they lack control over their borders — for instance when countries are faced with large numbers (or unexpected surges) of unauthorized immigrants or asylum seekers — than when citizens feel the borders are secure. Diversity of immigrant groups. Multiculturalism works best when it is genuinely multicultural — that is, when immigrants come from many source countries rather than coming overwhelmingly from just one (which is more likely to lead to polarized relations with the majority). Economic contributions. Support for multiculturalism depends on the perception that immigrants are holding up their end of the bargain and making a good-faith effort to contribute to society — particularly economically. When these facilitating conditions are present, multiculturalism can be seen as a low-risk option, and indeed seems to have worked well in such cases. Multiculturalism tends to lose support in high-risk situations where immigrants are seen as predominantly illegal, as potential carriers of illiberal practices or movements, or as net burdens on the welfare state. However, one could argue that rejecting immigrant multiculturalism under these circumstances is in fact the higher-risk move. It is precisely when immigrants are perceived as illegitimate, illiberal, and burdensome that multiculturalism may be most needed. I. Introduction Ideas about the legal and political accommodation of ethnic diversity have been in a state of flux around the world for the past 40 years. One hears much about the â€Å"rise and fall of multiculturalism. † Indeed, this has become a kind of master narrative, widely invoked by scholars, journalists, and policymakers alike to explain the evolution of contemporary debates about diversity. Although people disagree about what comes after multiculturalism, there is a surprising consensus that we are in a post-multicultural era. This report contends that this master narrative obscures as much as it reveals, and that we need an alternative framework for thinking about the choices we face. Multiculturalism’s successes and failures, as well as its level of public acceptance, have depended on the nature of the issues at stake and the countries involved, and we need to understand these variations if we are to identify a more sustainable model for accommodating diversity. This paper will argue that the master narrative 1) mischaracterizes the nature of the experiments in multiculturalism that have been undertaken, 2) exaggerates the extent to which they have been abandoned, and 3) misidentifies the genuine difficulties and limitations they have encountered and the options for addressing these problems. 2 Multiculturalism: Success, Failure, and the Future MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE Before we can decide whether to celebrate or lament the fall of multiculturalism, we need first to make sure we know what multiculturalism has meant both in theory and in practice, where it has succeeded or failed to meet its objectives, and under what conditions it is likely to thrive in the future. The Rise and Fall of Multiculturalism The master narrative of the â€Å"rise and fall of multiculturalism† helpfully captures important features of our current debates. Yet in some respects it is misleading, and may obscure the real challenges and opportunities we face. In its simplest form, the master narrative goes like this:1 Since the mid-1990s we have seen a backlash and retreat from multiculturalism. From the 1970s to mid-1990s, there was a clear trend across Western democracies toward the increased recognition and accommodation of diversity through a range of multiculturalism policies (MCPs) and minority rights. These policies were endorsed both at the domestic level in some states and by international organizations, and involved a rejection of earlier ideas of unitary and homogeneous nationhood. Since the mid-1990s, however, we have seen a backlash and retreat from multiculturalism, and a reassertion of ideas of nation building, common values and identity, and unitary citizenship — even a call for the â€Å"return of assimilation. † This retreat is partly driven by fears among the majority group that the accommodation of diversity has â€Å"gone too far† and is threatening their way of life. This fear often expresses itself in the rise of nativist and populist right-wing political movements, such as the Danish People’s Party, defending old ideas of â€Å"Denmark for the Danish. † But the retreat also reflects a belief among the center-left that multiculturalism has failed to help the intended beneficiaries — namely, minorities themselves — because it has failed to address the underlying sources of their social, economic, and political exclusion and may have unintentionally contributed to their social isolation. As a result, even the center-left political movements that initially championed multiculturalism, such as the social democratic parties in Europe, have backed 1 For influential academic statements of this â€Å"rise and fall† narrative, claiming that it applies across the Western democracies, see Rogers Brubaker, â€Å"The Return of Assimilation? † Ethnic and Racial Studies 24, no. 4 (2001): 531–48; and Christian Joppke, â€Å"The Retreat of Multiculturalism in the Liberal State: Theory and Policy,† British Journal of Sociology 55, no. 2 (2004): 237–57. There are also many accounts of the â€Å"decline,† â€Å"retreat,† or â€Å"crisis† of multiculturalism in particular countries. For the Netherlands, see Han Entzinger, â€Å"The Rise and Fall of Multiculturalism in the Netherlands,† in Toward Assimilation and Citizenship: Immigrants in Liberal Nation-States, eds. Christian Joppke and Ewa Morawska (London: Palgrave, 2003) and Ruud Koopmans, â€Å"Trade-Offs between Equality and Difference: The Crisis of Dutch Multiculturalism in Cross-National Perspective† (Brief, Danish Institute for International Studies, Copenhagen, December 2006). For Britain, see Randall Hansen, â€Å"Diversity, Integration and the Turn from Multiculturalism in the United Kingdom,† in Belonging? Diversity, Recognition and Shared Citizenship in Canada, eds. Keith G. Banting, Thomas J. Courchene, and F. Leslie Seidle (Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy, 2007); Les Back, Michael Keith, Azra Khan, Kalbir Shukra, and John Solomos, â€Å"New Labour’s White Heart: Politics, Multiculturalism and the Return of Assimilation,† Political Quarterly 73, No. 4 (2002): 445–54; Steven Vertovec, â€Å"Towards post-multiculturalism? Changing communities, conditions and contexts of diversity,† International Social Science Journal 61 (2010): 83–95. For Australia, see Ien Ang and John Stratton, â€Å"Multiculturalism in Crisis: The New Politics of Race and National Identity in Australia,† in On Not Speaking Chinese: Living Between Asia and the West, ed. I. Ang (London: Routledge, 2001). For Canada, see Lloyd Wong, Joseph Garcea, and Anna Kirova, An Analysis of the ‘Anti- and Post-Multiculturalism’ Discourses: The Fragmentation Position (Alberta: Prairie Centre for Excellence in Research on Immigration and Integration, 2005), http://pmc.metropolis. Net/Virtual%20Library/FinalReports/Post-multi%20FINAL%20REPORT%20for%20PCERII%20_2_. pdf. For a good overview of the backlash discourse in various countries, see Steven Vertovec and Susan Wessendorf, eds. , The Multiculturalism Backlash: European Discourses, Policies and Practices (London: Routledge, 2010). Multiculturalism: Success, Failure, and the Future 3 MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE away from it and shifted to a discourse that emphasizes â€Å"civic integration,† â€Å"social cohesion,† â€Å"common values,† and â€Å"shared citizenship. †2 The social-democratic discourse of civic integration differs from the radical-right discourse in emphasizing the need to develop a more inclusive national identity and to fight racism and discrimination, but it nonetheless distances itself from the rhetoric and policies of multiculturalism. The term postmulticulturalism has often been invoked to signal this new approach, which seeks to overcome the limits of a naive or misguided multiculturalism while avoiding the oppressive reassertion of homogenizing nationalist ideologies. 3 II. What Is Multiculturalism? A. Misleading Model In much of the post-multiculturalist literature, multiculturalism is characterized as a feel-good celebration of ethnocultural diversity, encouraging citizens to acknowledge and embrace the panoply of customs, traditions, music, and cuisine that exist in a multiethnic society. Yasmin Alibhai-Brown calls this the â€Å"3S† model of multiculturalism in Britain — saris, samosas, and steeldrums. 4. Multiculturalism takes these familiar cultural markers of ethnic groups — clothing, cuisine, and music — and treats them as authentic practices to be preserved by their members and safely consumed by others. Under the banner of multiculturalism they are taught in school, performed in festivals, displayed in media and museums, and so on. This celebratory model of multiculturalism has been the focus of many critiques, including the following: It ignores issues of economic and political inequality. Even if all Britons come to enjoy Jamaican steeldrum music or Indian samosas, this would do nothing to address the real problems facing Caribbean and South Asian communities in Britain — problems of unemployment, poor educational outcomes, residential segregation, poor English language skills, and political marginalization. These economic and political issues cannot be solved simply by celebrating cultural differences. Even with respect to the (legitimate) goal of promoting greater understanding of cultural differences, the focus on celebrating â€Å"authentic† cultural practices that are â€Å"unique† to each group is potentially dangerous. First, not all customs that may be traditionally practiced within a particular group are worthy of being celebrated, or even of being legally tolerated, such as forced marriage. To avoid stirring up controversy, there’s a tendency to choose as the focus of multicultural celebrations safely inoffensive practices — such as cuisine or music — that can be enjoyably consumed by members of the larger society. But this runs the opposite risk 2. For an overview of the attitudes of European social democratic parties to these issues, see Rene Cuperus, Karl Duffek, and Johannes Kandel, eds. , The Challenge of Diversity: European Social Democracy Facing Migration, Integration and Multiculturalism (Innsbruck: Studien Verlag, 2003). For references to â€Å"post-multiculturalism† by progressive intellectuals, who distinguish it from the radical right’s â€Å"antimulticulturalism,† see, regarding the United Kingdom, Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, After Multiculturalism (London: Foreign Policy Centre, 2000), and â€Å"Beyond Multiculturalism,† Canadian Diversity/Diversite Canadienne 3, no. 2 (2004): 51–4; regarding Australia, James Jupp, From White Australia to Woomera: The Story of Australian Immigration, 2nd edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007); and regarding the United States, Desmond King, The Liberty of Strangers: Making the American Nation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), and David A. Hollinger, Post-ethnic America: Beyond Multiculturalism, revised edition (New York: Basic Books, 2006). Alibhai-Brown, After Multiculturalism. 3 4 4 Multiculturalism: Success, Failure, and the Future MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE of the trivialization or Disneyfication of cultural differences,5 ignoring the real challenges that differences in cultural and religious values can raise. Third, the 3S model of multiculturalism can encourage a conception of groups as hermetically sealed and static, each reproducing its own distinct practices. Multiculturalism may be intended to encourage people to share their customs, but the assumption that each group has its own distinctive customs ignores processes of cultural adaptation, mixing, and melange, as well as emerging cultural commonalities, thereby potentially reinforcing perceptions of minorities as eternally â€Å"other. † This in turn can lead to the strengthening of prejudice and stereotyping, and more generally to the polarization of ethnic relations. Fourth, this model can end up reinforcing power inequalities and cultural restrictions within minority groups. In deciding which traditions are â€Å"authentic,† and how to interpret and display them, the state generally consults the traditional elites within the group — typically older males — while ignoring the way these traditional practices (and traditional elites) are often challenged by internal reformers, who have different views about how, say, a â€Å"good Muslim† should act. It can therefore imprison people in â€Å"cultural scripts† that they are not allowed to question or dispute. According to post-multiculturalists, the growing recognition of these flaws underlies the retreat from multiculturalism and signals the search for new models of citizenship that emphasize 1) political participation and economic opportunities over the symbolic politics of cultural recognition, 2) human rights and individual freedom over respect for cultural traditions, 3) the building of inclusive national identities over the recognition of ancestral cultural identities, and 4) cultural change and cultural mixing over the reification of static cultural differences. This narrative about the rise and fall of 3S multiculturalism will no doubt be familiar to many readers. In my view, however, it is inaccurate. Not only is it a caricature of the reality of multiculturalism as it has developed over the past 40 years in the Western democracies, but it is a distraction from the real issues that we need to face. The 3S model captures something important about natural human tendencies to simplify ethnic differences, and about the logic of global capitalism to sell cosmopolitan cultural products, but it does not capture the nature of post-1960s government MCPs, which have had more complex historical sources and political goals. B. Multiculturalism in Context It is important to put multiculturalism in its historical context. In one sense, it is as old as humanity — different cultures have always found ways of coexisting, and respect for diversity was a familiar feature of many historic empires, such as the Ottoman Empire. But the sort of multiculturalism that is said to have had a â€Å"rise and fall† is a more specific historic phenomenon, emerging first in the Western democracies in the late 1960s. This timing is important, for it helps us situate multiculturalism in relation to larger social transformations of the postwar era. More specifically, multiculturalism is part of a larger human-rights revolution involving ethnic and racial diversity. Prior to World War II, ethnocultural and religious diversity in the West was characterized by a range of illiberal and undemocratic relationships of hierarchy,6 justified by racialist ideologies that explicitly propounded the superiority of some peoples and cultures and their right to rule over others. These ideologies were widely accepted throughout the Western world and underpinned both domestic laws (e. g. , racially biased immigration and citizenship policies) and foreign policies (e. g. , in relation to overseas colonies). 5 6 Neil Bissoondath, Selling Illusions: The Cult of Multiculturalism in Canada. (Toronto: Penguin, 1994). Including relations of conqueror and conquered, colonizer and colonized, master and slave, settler and indigenous, racialized and unmarked, normalized and deviant, orthodox and heretic, civilized and primitive, and ally and enemy. Multiculturalism: Success, Failure, and the Future 5 MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE After World War II, however, the world recoiled against Hitler’s fanatical and murderous use of such ideologies, and the United Nations decisively repudiated them in favor of a new ideology of the equality of races and peoples. And this new assumption of human equality generated a series of political movements designed to contest the lingering presence or enduring effects of older hierarchies. We can distinguish three â€Å"waves† of such movements: 1) the struggle for decolonization, concentrated in the period 1948–65; 2) the struggle against racial segregation and discrimination, initiated and exemplified by the AfricanAmerican civil-rights movement from 1955 to 1965; and 3) the struggle for multiculturalism and minority rights, which emerged in the late 1960s. Multiculturalism is part of a larger human-rights revolution involving ethnic and racial diversity. Each of these movements draws upon the human-rights revolution, and its foundational ideology of the equality of races and peoples, to challenge the legacies of earlier ethnic and racial hierarchies. Indeed, the human-rights revolution plays a double role here, not just as the inspiration for a struggle, but also as a constraint on the permissible goals and means of that struggle. Insofar as historically excluded or stigmatized groups struggle against earlier hierarchies in the name of equality, they too have to renounce their own traditions of exclusion or oppression in the treatment of, say, women, gays, people of mixed race, religious dissenters, and so on. Human rights, and liberal-democratic constitutionalism more generally, provide the overarching framework within which these struggles are debated and addressed. Each of these movements, therefore, can be seen as contributing to a process of democratic â€Å"citizenization† — that is, turning the earlier catalog of hierarchical relations into relationships of liberaldemocratic citizenship. This entails transforming both the vertical relationships between minorities and the state and the horizontal relationships among the members of different groups. In the past, it was often assumed that the only way to engage in this process of citizenization was to impose a single undifferentiated model of citizenship on all individuals. But the ideas and policies of multiculturalism that emerged from the 1960s start from the assumption that this complex history inevitably and appropriately generates group-differentiated ethnopolitical claims. The key to citizenization is not to suppress these differential claims but to filter them through and frame them within the language of human rights, civil liberties, and democratic accountability. And this is what multiculturalist movements have aimed to do. The precise character of the resulting multicultural reforms varies from group to group, as befits the distinctive history that each has faced. They all start from the antidiscrimination principle that underpinned the second wave but go beyond it to challenge other forms of exclusion or stigmatization. In most Western countries, explicit state-sponsored discrimination against ethnic, racial, or religious minorities had largely ceased by the 1960s and 1970s, under the influence of the second wave of humanrights struggles. Yet ethnic and racial hierarchies persist in many societies, whether measured in terms of economic inequalities, political underrepresentation, social stigmatization, or cultural invisibility. Various forms of multiculturalism have been developed to help overcome these lingering inequalities. The focus in this report is on multiculturalism as it pertains to (permanently settled) immigrant groups,7 7 There was briefly in some European countries a form of â€Å"multiculturalism† that was not aimed at the inclusion of permanent immigrants, but rather at ensuring that temporary migrants would return to their country of origin. For example, mothertongue education in Germany was not initially introduced â€Å"as a minority right but in order to enable guest worker children to reintegrate in their countries of origin† (Karen Schonwalder, â€Å"Germany: Integration Policy and Pluralism in a Self-Conscious Country of Immigration,† in The Multiculturalism Backlash: European Discourses, Policies and Practices, eds. Steven Vertovec and Susanne Wessendorf [London: Routledge, 2010], 160). Needless to say, this sort of â€Å"returnist† multiculturalism — premised on the idea that migrants are foreigners who should return to their real home — has nothing to do with multiculturalism policies (MCPs) premised on the idea that immigrants belong in their host countries, and which aim to make immigrants 6 Multiculturalism: Success, Failure, and the Future MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE but it is worth noting that struggles for multicultural citizenship have also emerged in relation to historic minorities and indigenous peoples. 8 C. The Evolution of Multiculturalism Policies. The case of immigrant multiculturalism is just one aspect of a larger â€Å"ethnic revival† across the Western democracies,9 in which different types of minorities have struggled for new forms of multicultural citizenship that combine both antidiscrimination measures and positive forms of recognition and accommodation. Multicultural citizenship for immigrant groups clearly does not involve the same types of claims as for indigenous peoples or national minorities: immigrant groups do not typically seek land rights, territorial autonomy, or official language status. What then is the substance of multicultural citizenship in relation to immigrant groups? The Multiculturalism Policy Index is one attempt to measure the evolution of MCPs in a standardized format that enables comparative research. 10 The index takes the following eight policies as the most common or emblematic forms of immigrant MCPs:11 Constitutional, legislative, or parliamentary affirmation of multiculturalism, at the central and/ or regional and municipal levels The adoption of multiculturalism in school curricula The inclusion of ethnic representation/sensitivity in the mandate of public media or media licensing Exemptions from dress codes, either by statute or by court cases Allowing of dual citizenship The funding of ethnic group organizations to support cultural activities The funding of bilingual education or mother-tongue instruction Affirmative action for disadvantaged immigrant groups12 feel more at home where they are. The focus of this paper is on the latter type of multiculturalism, which is centrally concerned with constructing new relations of citizenship. 8 In relation to indigenous peoples, for example — such as the Maori in New Zealand, Aboriginal peoples in Canada and Australia, American Indians, the Sami in Scandinavia, and the Inuit of Greenland — new models of multicultural citizenship have emerged since the late 1960s that include policies such as land rights, self-government rights, recognition of customary laws, and guarantees of political consultation. And in relation to substate national groups — such as the Basques and Catalans in Spain, Flemish and Walloons in Belgium, Scots and Welsh in Britain, Quebecois in Canada, Germans in South Tyrol, Swedish in Finland — we see new models of multicultural citizenship that include policies such as federal or quasi-federal territorial autonomy; official language status, either in the region or nationally; and guarantees of representation in the central government or on constitutional courts. 9. Anthony Smith, The Ethnic Revival in the Modern World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981). 10 Keith Banting and I developed this index, first published in Keith Banting and Will Kymlicka, eds. , Multiculturalism and the Welfare State: Recognition and Redistribution in Contemporary Democracies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006). Many of the ideas discussed in this paper are the result of our collaboration. 11 As with all cross-national indices, there is a trade-off between standardization and sensitivity to local nuances. There is no universally accepted definition of multiculturalism policies and no hard and fast line that would sharply distinguish MCPs from closely related policy fields, such as antidiscrimination policies, citizenship policies, and integration policies. Different countries (or indeed different actors within a single country) are likely to draw this line in different places, and any list is therefore likely to be controversial. 12 For a fuller description of these policies, and the justification for including them in the Multiculturalism Policy Index, see the index website, www.queensu. ca/mcp. The site also includes our separate index of MCPs for indigenous peoples and for national minorities. Multiculturalism: Success, Failure, and the Future 7 MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE Other policies could be added (or subtracted) from the index, but there was a recognizable â€Å"multiculturalist turn† across Western democracies in the last few decades of the 20th century, and we can identify a range of public policies that are seen, by both critics and defenders, as emblematic of this turn. Each of the eight policy indicators listed above is intended to capture a policy dimension where liberaldemocratic states faced a choice about whether or not to take a multicultural turn and to develop more multicultural forms of citizenship in relation to immigrant groups. While multiculturalism for immigrant groups clearly differs in substance from that for indigenous peoples or national minorities, each policy has been defended as a means to overcome the legacies of earlier hierarchies and to help build fairer and more inclusive democratic societies. Therefore, multiculturalism is first and foremost about developing new models of democratic citizenship, grounded in human-rights ideals, to replace earlier uncivil and undemocratic relations of hierarchy and exclusion. Needless to say, this account of multiculturalism-as-citizenization differs dramatically from the 3S account of multiculturalism as the celebration of static cultural differences. Whereas the 3S account says that multiculturalism is about displaying and consuming differences in cuisine, clothing, and music, while neglecting issues of political and economic inequality, the citizenization account says that multiculturalism is precisely about constructing new civic and political relations to overcome the deeply entrenched inequalities that have persisted after the abolition of formal discrimination. It is important to determine which of these accounts more accurately describes the Western experience with multiculturalism. Before we can decide whether to celebrate or lament the fall of multiculturalism, we first need to make sure we know what multiculturalism has in fact been. The 3S account is misleading for three principal reasons. 13 Multiculturalism is first and foremost about developing new models of democratic citizenship, grounded in human-rights ideals. First, the claim that multiculturalism is solely or primarily about symbolic cultural politics depends on a misreading of the actual policies. Whether we look at indigenous peoples, national minorities, or immigrant groups, it is immediately apparent that MCPs combine economic, political, social, and cultural dimensions. While minorities are (rightly) concerned to contest the historic stigmatization of their cultures, immigrant multiculturalism also includes policies that are concerned with access to political power and economic opportunities — for example, policies of affirmative action, mechanisms of political consultation, funding for ethnic self-organization, and facilitated access to citizenship. In relation all three types of groups, MCPs combine cultural recognition, economic redistribution, and political participation. Second, the claim that multiculturalism ignores the importance of universal human rights is equally misplaced. On the contrary, as we’ve seen, multiculturalism is itself a human-rights-based movement, inspired and constrained by principles of human rights and liberal-democratic constitutionalism. Its goal is to challenge the traditional ethnic and racial hierarchies that have been discredited by the postwar human-rights revolution. Understood in this way, multiculturalism-as-citizenization offers no support for accommodating the illiberal cultural practices within minority groups that have also The same human-righ.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay

A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay Learning should be like pleasure trips, like excursions , to explore new vistas, and to attain greater heights of knowledge. The basic purpose of learning should be to nurture inquisitiveness in such a manner that clear value additions take place. What is new and different? In a competitive world , differentiation is the best strategy, and I have adopted that. The whole term paper is written in steps so that our teacher could understand my term paper easily, as compared to others. I have given the PESTEL and observation of the tourism industry in dustry in the best possible manner. The real observations and examples are given in the term paper. Benefits from term paper? This term paper has been written to cater the needs of anyone who wants the first hand experience of various factors influencing the tourism industry. Various facts and figures are given to understand tourism industry in better way. TRAVELLERS TO VISIT INDIA -ARTICLE#5: COMMONWEALTH GAMES INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY ARTICLE#6: GROWTH TREND IN EXOTIC INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY SOURCEOF DATA PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TOURISM -POLITICAL ANALYSIS -ECONOMIC ANALYSIS -SOCIAL ANALYSIS -TECONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS -ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS -LEGAL ANALYSIS OBSERVATION FUTURE OF TOPIC REFRENCES OBJECTIVE PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TOURISM is being done in order to check and determine the effect of various factors that have an impact on the growth and establishment of tourism. The main objective of this term paper is as under: PESTEL analysis of INDIAN TOURISM ARTICLE Analysis on INDIAN TOURISM OBSERVATION of INDIAN TOURISM FUTURE of topic. INTRODUCTION INDIAN TOURISM: The tourism industry in INDIA is substantial and vibrant, and the country is fast becoming a major global destination. Indias travel and tourism industry is one of them most profitable industries in the country, and also credited with contributing a substantial amount of foreign exchange. This is illustrated by the fact that during 2006, four million tourists visited India and spent US $8.9 billion. Several reasons are cited for the growth and prosperity of Indias travel and tourism industry. Economic growth has added millions annually to the ranks of Indias middle class, a group that is driving domestic tourism growth. Disposable income in India has grown by 10.11% annually from 2001-2006, and much of that is being spent to travel. Thanks in part to its booming IT and outsourcing industry a growing number of business trips are made by foreigners to India, who will often add a weekend break or longer holiday to their trip. Foreign tourists spend more in India than almost any other country worldwide. Tourist arrivals are projected to increase by over 22% per year through till 2010, with a 33% increase in foreign exchange earnings recorded in 2004. The Tourism Ministry has also played an important role in the development of the industry, initiating advertising campaigns such as the Incredible India campaign, which promoted Indias culture and tourist attractions in a fresh and memorable way. The campaign helped create a colorful image of India in the minds of consumers all over the world, and has directly led to an increase in the interest among tourists. . Both directly and indirectly, increased tourism in India has created jobs in a variety of related sectors. The numbers tell the story: almost 20 million people are now working in the Indias tourism industry. A new growth sector is medical tourism. It is currently growing at around 30% per annum. Medical tourist arrivals are expected to reach one million soon. The tourism industry of India is based on certain core nationalistic ideals and standards which are: Swaagat or welcome, Sahyog or cooperation, Soochanaa or information, Sanrachanaa or infrastructure, Suvidha or facilitation, Safaai or cleanliness and Surakshaa or security. The following table provides the major tourist attraction in india: Charminar: Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh .Kaziranga National Park:Assam. Qutub Minar:Delhi. Mangueshi Temple: Goa. Shimla: Himachal Pradesh.Dal: LakeJammu and Kashmir. Jog FallsShimoga District, Karnataka. Kovalam Beach : Kerala. Amarkantak: Madhya Pradesh . Ajanta: Maharashtra. Puri: Orissa. Golden Temple : Amritsar, Punjab. Jaipur : Rajasthan. Chennai : Tamil Nadu . Badrinath Temple : Uttarakhand, Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh. Victoria Memorial:Kolkata, Bengal PESTEL ANALYSIS: Originally designed as a business environmental scan, the PEST or PESTLE analysis is an analysis of the external macro environment (big picture) in which a business operates. These are often factors which are beyond the control or influence of a business, however are important to be aware of when doing product development, business or strategy planning . PESTEL analysis is the method to characterize or to analyse the various features and traits of any industry like steel industry, power industry, etc,. We are analysing INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY by using PESTEL ANALYSIS.PESTEL stands for POLITICAL ECONOMICAL SOCIAL TECHNICAL ECOLOGICAL LEGAL ARTICLES/LITERATURE REVIEW ON INDIAN TOURISM ARTICLE # 1: TOURISM IN INDIA: BY SINGH ,KARNAIL, 07 JUN 2008, TOURISM IN INDIA http://aaharways.com/main/modules/articles/article.php?id=196 The growth of tourism is at a very quick pace the year 2004-2005 show tourism as major contributors to Indian Economy. There is an excessive growth on the arrival of foreign tourist. Tourist started coming from Middle East, South Africa, USA, Spain, France and Portugal etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦This act as a major contributors in Indias economy. Interesting feature of this growth is that it has come even as global tourism has dropped, due to the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States, the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in East Asia, and the Iraq warà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ ANALYSIS: According to this article the author tries to say that one of the major contributor to the Indian economy is the tourism industry. One of the political factor of the PESTEL analysis has effected the tourism growth, i.e, the attack of the 11 septembet which was the terrorist activity. The author says that due to the rise in the income which has made economic conditions of the people better has added in the domestic tourism. The people in summers visit hilly areas like Kashmir and Himachal, which has happened due to rise in income of the people. Aggressive advertising campaign Incredible India by the government has also had contribution in changing Indias image. More than 6500 taxi drivers, restaurant owners and guides trained under the programme. ARTICLE # 2: ROYAL TRAINS IN INDIA: http://www.articlesnatch.com/topic/Indian-Maharaja-Train-in -india-cream-of-indian-tourism_2192928.html Royal Trains in India offer royal safaris to the most vibrant cities of India. Royal Trains in India offer an opportunity to feel the royalty and elegance of Indian Maharajas of bygone era. The Royal Indian Trains take the tourists through the verdant valleys, barren deserts, royal palaces, imperial forts, famous beaches and so on and on.Royal Trains in India are Indian heritage hotels on board which open their doors in different cities of India each day. These heriatge trains in India provide the tourists with the utmost royal ambiance to make them feel the royalty of Indian Maharajas, Mighty Marathas and Royal Rajputsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. ANALYSIS: According to this article the author tries to say that the one of the beauty of indian tourism is the royal trains of India. There are 5 royal trains in India- Palace on Wheels, Royal Rajasthan on Wheels, Golden Chariot, Maharaja Express and Deccan Odyssey. All of the five Indian Royal Trains provide luxury tours in India. Royal trains represent the values, heritage and the culture of the India. This is one of the social factor if we take this article with respect to the PESTEL analysis, that has impact on Indian tourism. The royal train are adding great value to tourism as many royality seeking tourists are visiting India for this reason. ARTICLE # 3: RNCOS RELEASES A NEW REPORT: BY SHUSHMUL, MAHESHWARI,RNCOS E-Services Pvt. Ltd http://www.Articlebase.com/rnocs-realese-new-report The report Indian Tourism Industry Analysisby RNCOS provides an insight into the Indian tourism market. It evaluates the past, present and future scenario of the Indian tourism market and discusses the key factors which are making India a potential tourism destination. With focuses on different parameters of tourism industry, including inbound tourism, outbound tourism, expenditure by inbound tourists, medical tourism, and hotel industry, the report gives a thorough analysis on the tourism industry in India. Key Issues Facts Analyzed   What is the current state of the tourism industry in India?   What are the emerging trends in the tourism sector?   Which are the leading tourism states?   What is the future outlook of the tourism industry?   Which factors are driving the Indian tourism industry?   What is the scenario of the hotel industry in India? ANALYSIS: According to the report, India represents one of the most potential tourism markets in the world. It has expanded rapidly over the past few years and underpinned by the government support, rising income level and various international sports events, the Indian tourism industry will continue to grow at the fastest pace in the coming years. However, the industry may have to cope up with several challenges which will limit its growth. Key Findings:   India is expected to see an influx of 10 Million international tourists by 2010, up from just 5 Million in  2007.   Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Rajasthan are the leading tourism destinations in  India in terms of total tourist arrivals.   India has been promoting its healthcare tourism by providing the visitors with private healthcare facilities. It is  expected that the total market for medical tourism will reach US$ 2 Billion by 2012, representing a CAGR of 60.69%.   Personal disposable income during 2002-2007 grew at a CAGR of 14.16%, thereby driving domestic  as well as  outbound tourism.   Indian outbound tourist flow is expected to increase at a CAGR of 13.30% over the five-year period  spanning  from 2008 to 2012.   Indias share in the global tourism is expected to reach 1.5% by 2010. ARTICLE # 4: INDIAN MEDICAL TOURISM TREMENDOUSLY ATTRACTING TRAVELLERS TO VISIT INDIA http://www.articlenow.com/indian-medical-tourism The unwell gloomy faces can now smile as India has been declared an ideal destination for medical tours. Even the failing hearts are now treated more successfully at a much lower cost as compared to other parts of the world. In medical field, India has seen much growth and advancements. In the offing, the most complicated by pass surgeries or bone marrow transplants are viable in India. ANALYSIS: According to this article the author tries to say that the medical tourism in India is growing at a high pace and which has benefitted the Indian tourism. This is one of the technological factor of the PESTEL analysis, that has been affecting indian tourism. , indian tourism has been growing because of medical tourism . medical and medical related facilities are cheap in india as compared to other countries. As a part of Visit India 2009, the Ministry of Tourism has discussed with all major hospitals of India to offer incentivised deals to the medical tourists. . It is reported that over 1.5 lakhs medical tourists visited India for medical tourism in 2002 alone that brought about $300 million of earnings. Ever since then this figure of influx of medical tourists is increasing year after year by at least 25%. This is providing better oppournity to tourism industry to expand ARTICLE # 5: COMMONWEALTH GAMES AND INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY http://www.articlebase.com/commonwealth-games-and-indian-tourism-industry-956058 Gone are days when Indian Tourism Industry had received a set back. A new era of Indian tourism is ushering and things are now falling into their right place. India is too happy to host the exciting Commonwealth Games in 2010. And equally enthusiastic is Delhi where these Games are scheduled. 85 teams of Commonwealth Nations would be seen contesting for 17 disciplines. The 12 day long event will have matches of swimming, wrestling, weightlifting, cycling, marathon, badminton, boxing, shooting, athletics, table tennis and tennis etc. which would be held from 3rd to 14th October 2010 ANALYSIS: According to this article, author ties to say that India and more importantly Delhi and neighboring states have geared themselves up for the upcoming Commonwealth Games this year. The tourists will be much excited to witness the participants competing in the newly built Khelgaon near Yamuna River Bank which is very close to Swami Narayan Akshardham temple. Delhi Government and Indian Government had ventured into upgradation of infrastructure of the country. The Aviation, Hospitality as well as Tour and travel industry will be highly benefited from the Games. Keeping this in mind, the transportation services are being improved, metro trains will be soon seen plying passengers,  new hotels are mushrooming and the existing ones are been renovated.In addition to this, the monumental heritage of Delhi and surrounding states as Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh,Himachal Pradesh Madhya Pradesh is specially taken care of. ARTICLE # 6: GROWTH TREND IN EXOTIC INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY India, the ancient cultural cradle of the world, fascinates tourists from every corner of the world. Even we Indians are not fully aware of the beauty our country has like our ancient cities, temples, minarets, mosques, gardens, lakes, mountains and a lot more. The most popular tourist destinations in India are Central India, The North Eastern states, Calcutta, Mumbai, New Delhi , Khajuraho, and Goa, where Rajasthan, due to its wide range of cultural and ethnic diversities, is the paradise for the foreign tourists. Indian tourism industry is being utilized as a well-planned tool to facilitate international understanding and enabling building of cultural horizons in a broader way. The Government of India has already initiated to achieve such objectives by offering attractive packages to foreign tourists. It has also organized road shows in major markets of the globe such as the UK, Canada,Australia, Singapore and Malaysia. Within first two years of the introduction of 11th Five Year P lan, the ministry has sanctioned projects worth USD 14.27 million. ANALYSIS: This post give us an overview of tourism industry in India, its growth and its contribution in to the countrys economic growth. Tourism is a growing industry in India that accounts for the larger section of foreign earnings for our nation. In recent years, the industry has been severely affected because of the factors terrorism and the troubling situation in Kashmir. The earning through tourism in India was dropped below than USD 1.5 billion and so the tourism traffic, that only accounted for 0.5 percent of the total traffic of the world. Unlike past few years, 2009 has shown a sign of improvement in foreign tourist inflow. This has led the industry to contribute nearly USD 67.3 billion to gross domestic product this year, which is expected to rise above USD 187.3 billion by 2019. According to Mr Sujit Banerjee, the Tourism Secretary of India, foreign tourist arrival targets is expected to cross six million this year. Also, a 24 per cent increase was observed in foreign exchange earnings (FEE) as compared to previous years. Tourism revenue is expected to grow by 42 percent from 2007 to 2017. After witnessing the positive growth for the first time in 2009, the tourism ministry has planned to develop three niche products, which are wellness tourism, caravan tourism and helipad tourism this year. Also, the Tourism ministry is focusing on the safety and security of the tourists through awareness programs and ad campaigns to entice more visitors. It is constantly making an appeal to Indian public to take care of their gues ts with the true spirit of Atithi Devo Bhava. India is moving towards its destination of tourists main attraction spot from the phrase Incredible India. Other services like travel guides, roads,air travel,catering, sanitation, transportation and telecommunication are being operated from professional grounds. This would boost the tourism industry as well as the economy of the country. SOURCE OF DATA: The source of data that I have used is SECONDARY SOURCE DATA. Secondary data is elected in form of information which has already been collected by someone. Along with thissome information on crisis management , their features are collected from internet. For more information regarding research methodology , books from library have been referred. PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TOURISM POLITICAL ANALYSIS: In India, one can never over-look the political factors which influence each and every industry existing in the country. Like it or not, the political interference has to be present everywhere. Given below are a few of the political factors with respect to the tourism industry: TERRORISM SECURITY:Terrorism has an adverse effect on the growth and progress of any country. Terrorism has also bad effect on the tourism industry if India. It is the big political problem to the governing party of the country. With the rise in terrorism the growth of tourism industry in the disturbed parts of country has been at slew rate. The states like Jammu and Kashmir, Assam etc. have a bad tourism output, which intern effects the countrys growth. The govt. of India is taking steps in regard to tackle the terrorism by providing more security to the tourists who are visiting such terrorist prone areas. POLITICAL INSTABILITY:Political instability also has effect on tourism industry. Sometimes frequent change of parties at state or central level have an impact on tourism policies and upliftment of tourist sites, as the different parties have different approach to tourist industry. INFRASTRUCTURE: Infrastructure development depends mainly upon the government or ruling political party. There has been a great infrastructure development from last 20 years in India. The better infrastructure has attracted more and more tourist in India that is why the tourists visited in 2000 were 684 million and 2004 were 760 million. RELATIONS WITH NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES: Relationship with the adjoining countries have also a direct relationship with the tourism industry. The political relationship of India with most of adjoining countries is good, but the tourist from near countries are not frequently visiting the country. LACK OF INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATION: One of problem that is because of political factor is the lack of international representation of the country. Indian government does not givemuch preference to representation of country internationally because of which tourism rate does not increase by any surplus amount. Countries like Malaysia are representing their country internationally which is giving boost their tourism. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS: Economic factor also play an important role in the analysis of the tourism industy. Better economic factors help to drive more and more tourist from different countries as well as from domestic market.The Tourism sector of Indian economy is at present experiencing a huge growth. The Tourism sector of Indian economy has become one of the major industrial sectors under the Indian economy. The tourism industry earns foreign exchanges worth Rs. 21,828 crore. Previous year the growth rate of the tourism sector of Indian economy was recorded as 17.3% Some of the economic factors that affect tourism industry are: GDP (GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT): Gross domestic product also plays major part in the upliftment of tourism industry. The GDP of India is growing at constant pace, it was around 9% in July,2008. Better growth of GDP has helped to attract more and more tourist. The tourism will also help to raise the GDP of India as if more and more tourist arrive they will spend more money which inturn raise the GDP of country. RISE IN NATIONAL INCOME: The Indian tourism is one of the major contributors in increasing national income and improving the economic conditions of India. US $ 4810 were generated in year 2004 alone from tourism industry and it has increased upto 36% from previous year 2003. BETTER ECONOMIC CONDITIONS: If we talk about the indian tourism industry, the rise in the output is not only because if the foreign tourists but the domestic tourism has also been spreading its wings and adding much more to tourism industry. As the economic condiions has been getting better from last decade and so people are now spending much on tours and travelling. SOCIAL ANALYSIS: Social factor are those factors that affect the tourism industry because of the society. Social factors have more or less a significant impact on Indian tourism industry. Some of the social factors that I have analysed, that effect tourism industry of India are: DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES:Demographic trends describe the changes in demographics in a population over time. In India majority of the population is of the young people, who are willing to spend and to visit different parts of the country, thus one of this social factor has helped in development of tourism industry majority of population i.e, 50% is under the age of 23 years. VAST CULTURE: As we all know that the India is country of various religion and has oldest culture. India is often called subcontinent. The Indian culture drives more and more foreigners to visit the country. The is so much vastness in Indian culture and demographics that the tourists find it better to visit country like India as compared to any other country as they find various and vast cultures in India. HEALTHIER LIFESTYLE: India provides trends to the healthier lifestyle, one of the biggest example is of YOGA . most of the foreign tourist also visit India because of this purpose as they find new and better ways that could keep them healthy in their day to day sy lifestyle. LANGUAGE: The Indian population is also good at speaking English language, so this factor plays an indirect part in the upliftment of the tourism industry. The foreigners do not find it much difficult to convey themselves to the people. TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS:Technology always plays an vital role in any sector, so it has also played its part in tourism industry. Some of the major technological factors that affect the industry if tourism are as under: MEDICAL TOURISM:Medical tourism has emerged in India from 1995, the medical industry is driving more and more foreigners to come to India for their treatment. India is cheap at medical procedures and technologically advanced than the other countries. Around 1.5 lacs of tourist visited India just for medical purposes, which generated $300 million alone .Thus this one technological factor is attracting more and more crowd to India. IT SECTOR:IT sector is one of the sector in which India is getting advanced day by day. It is driving more and more foreign nationals and tourist to our country as its providing some job oppoturnity to them, which inturn makes rise in growth of the tourism sector. There are many IT parks in India and many IT hubs which techno savvy people from abroad visit to learn new things. ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS: Environment is the main part of our lives that affect us directly. Environment analysis is necessary for tourism industry as its dependent on environment. Environment factor that has impact on tourism industry of India are: GO GREEN IDEOLOGY: Go green ideology is one of the major steps taken by our government for the preservation of environment. This ideology states that more and more trees should be planted and less consumption of fuel should be done. This affects tourism industry directly as better environment will drive more crowd to the country. GLOBAL WARMING: Global warming is one of the issues of concern of the whole world. Global warming is effecting the tourism of India as glaciers of Himalaya and the various hill stations in the Jammu and Kashmir and in Himachal Pradesh are facing trouble because of global warming as the temperature and weather conditions are changing there dramatically. SAVE TIGERS INITIATIVE: Tiger saving initiatives are also taking a pace ,because royal Bengal tiger is world famous . People come from different countries to visit the national parks like KAZIRANGA etc, the tigers are the main attraction to the tourists, so government is taking initiative to save tigers. LEGAL ANALYSIS: Legal factors of any country have an impact on its tourism. Various laws and acts have direct relationship with the rise and fall in the rate of tourism. Some of the legal factors that have impact on our tourism industry are given as under: TAX EXEMPTION: The scheme and laws like tax exemption help to develop the tourism industry. The tax exemption laws like, 50% of profit derived by travel agents and tours operators will only be taxed. Such legal schemes are helping a lot in betterment of tourism. INCREDIBLE INDIA: One of the aggressive advertisement campaign by tourism department is the INCREDIBLE INDIA, it is a advertisement scheme for which the government pays the money. Many banners and advertisment on various channels are shown, by this the ministry of tourism tries to show various great places which can be visited in India. LOW SPENDERS: Apart from the above stated schemes one of the legal drawbacks is that Indian government does not spend much on the development and upliftment of tourism because of which tourism industry is not getting the utmost best channel for performing the best. FARES: Government also provides the facilities of the partly low fare to the foreigners in the railways as well as in other services to show the kind treatment and hospitality to the foreigners, this will generate the word of mouth publicity of the tourism industry which inturn is the positive sign of legal factors. OBSERVATION: Cheap air fair is curbing the domestic tourism, as people are preferring to go to different places with ease and in short time Aggressive tourism strategy adopted by countries like countries like SINGAPORE and INDIA is still lagging to implement such strategies. High operation costs. Medical tourism is emerging in India which is helping to generate better economy from it. $300 million generated in 2004. Economic development has developed the pace of domestic tourism. Personal disposable income during 2002-2007 grew at a CAGR of 14.16%, thereby driving domestic  as well as  outbound tourism. Royal trains and palaces attract the tourist who love the royal ways of living. FUTURE OF THE TOPIC: Inspite of overall recession and war of terrorism, the future looks bright: Common wealth games 2010, is one of the huge opportunity by which the tourism industry could expect to generate high revenues. Increased hotel facilities , the accommodation will be easier for the tourists. Development of the infrastructure has already begun and this will help in boosting the tourism. Various GO GREEN SAVE TIGER initiatives are adding to a better India. Fight war of terrorism to sustain.